Exploring the Differences Between MDs, DOs, and Chiropractors

Choosing a healthcare path can feel like navigating a maze of titles—MD, DO, and DC. Each represents a distinct approach to medicine, education, and patient care. This guide unpacks the core differences between Medical Doctors (MDs), Doctors of Osteopathic Medicine (DOs), and Doctors of Chiropractic (DCs), helping you understand where each profession fits in today’s healthcare landscape.

For students considering a medical career—especially those interested in shadowing or interning abroad in Kenya or Tanzania—understanding these roles is essential.

What is an MD (Doctor of Medicine)?

MDs, or Medical Doctors, practice allopathic medicine, the conventional Western approach to diagnosing and treating disease using medications, surgery, and other interventions based on scientific research. They make up the majority of licensed physicians in the U.S. and around the world.

MDs can specialize in nearly every field of medicine—from general practice to complex specialties like cardiology, oncology, or neurosurgery.

MD Training and Education

The journey to becoming an MD includes:

• A bachelor’s degree with pre-medical coursework
• A competitive score on the MCAT (Medical College Admission Test)
• Four years of medical school (two years of science-based coursework, followed by clinical rotations)
• A residency program in their specialty (3–7+ years)
• Optional fellowship training for sub-specialization

Throughout this path, students are immersed in anatomy, pharmacology, diagnostics, medical ethics, and hands-on patient care.

For students looking to gain a competitive edge in admissions, Go Elective’s pre-med internships offer clinical exposure that enhances personal statements and interview performance.

What is a DO (Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine)?

DOs are fully licensed physicians who take a holistic approach to patient care. Like MDs, they can prescribe medication, perform surgery, and specialize in any field of medicine. However, their training emphasizes the interconnectedness of the body and includes hundreds of hours focused on the musculoskeletal system.

Their approach to treatment often includes Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment (OMT), which uses hands-on techniques to diagnose and treat conditions and support the body’s natural healing.

DOs vs. MDs: Philosophical Differences

While MDs and DOs share many similarities in training and clinical roles, their differences lie in philosophy:

• MDs: Focus on treating symptoms and diseases using evidence-based interventions.
• DOs: Emphasize whole-person care, preventive medicine, and the body's ability to heal itself.

This philosophical difference leads many DOs to prioritize wellness and lifestyle medicine alongside traditional medical treatment.

Education and Pathway to Becoming a DO

Becoming a DO involves:

• Completing a bachelor’s degree (usually in a science field)
• Taking the MCAT
• Attending a College of Osteopathic Medicine for four years
• Additional training in OMT
• Completing a residency program (3–7+ years)

While competitive, the pathway is accessible—especially when paired with early clinical exposure. Go Elective’s shadowing programs can help future DOs stand out with real-world experience in global health environments.

What is a DC (Doctor of Chiropractic)?

Chiropractors are healthcare providers focused on diagnosing and treating neuromusculoskeletal disorders, particularly issues involving the spine. They use non-invasive, drug-free treatments, primarily spinal adjustments, to relieve pain and improve mobility.

Chiropractors are not medical doctors and cannot prescribe medication or perform surgery. Instead, their training centers on anatomy, physiology, and spinal biomechanics.

Chiropractor Training and Scope

To become a DC:

• Students typically earn a science-related bachelor’s degree
• Then complete four years at a chiropractic college accredited by the Council on Chiropractic Education (CCE)
• They pass board exams and obtain state licensure

Chiropractic care is commonly used for conditions such as lower back pain, neck stiffness, and sciatica—a condition where the sciatic nerve (which runs from your lower back down your legs) becomes irritated, often causing pain or tingling.

Are Chiropractors Considered Doctors?

Yes—and no. Chiropractors hold a doctoral degree (DC) and are recognized as healthcare professionals, but they are not physicians like MDs or DOs. Their training is specialized and limited to the musculoskeletal system, and their scope of practice excludes medications and invasive procedures.

However, they often collaborate with MDs and DOs in interdisciplinary care settings.

Comparing MDs, DOs, and Chiropractors

Here’s a quick breakdown:

Osteopathy vs. Chiropractic: Key Distinctions

Both DOs and DCs use hands-on techniques and believe in treating the whole patient. But their scope and training differ:

• DOs are fully licensed physicians with comprehensive medical training, including pharmacology and surgery.
• DCs are focused specifically on musculoskeletal care, particularly spinal alignment.
  
  

Choosing the Right Path in Healthcare

Whether you're interested in becoming an MD, DO, or DC, your journey starts with education and exposure. Clinical experience—especially in underserved or international settings—can help you clarify your goals and strengthen your application.

Go Elective’s pre-medical internships in Kenya and Tanzania offer immersive hospital shadowing, mentorship, and a deep dive into global healthcare delivery. You’ll shadow physicians, attend rounds, and gain perspective on resource-limited settings.

This kind of experience is invaluable—especially if you’re still deciding which medical pathway is right for you.

Final Thoughts

Understanding the differences between MDs, DOs, and Chiropractors helps you make informed decisions about your future in healthcare. Each role serves patients in unique and vital ways. Whether you’re drawn to traditional medicine, holistic care, or manual therapy, what matters most is how you use your training to serve others.

If you’re exploring careers in healthcare or preparing for medical school, join a Go Elective program and take the first step toward a meaningful, globally-informed career.

Article Details

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Recent Articles , Pre-health, Medical Electives,

Author: Go Elective Abroad

Date Published: May 8, 2025